Guizhou sheep breeding base

Beef cattle breeding technology, Guizhou Kaiyang water * Long countryside brother cattle farms, cattle breeding technology: beef cattle feed additives, feed additives generally fall into two categories: The first category is nutritional additives, adding the purpose is to complement and balance beef cattle nutrition, maintain basic physiological functions cattle. There are non-protein nitrogen, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, natural minerals and rare earth. The second category is non-nutritional additives, such additives can improve cattle health, promote growth and improve feed and beef quality and so on. According to their function can be divided into: health antimicrobial growth promoters such as growth-promoting agents, insect-care agents, enzymes, herbs and so on. Rumen fermentation and gastrointestinal tract, such as rumen physiological regulator of metabolic control agents, buffers, and other acidifying agent. Roughage modulators such as alkalizing agents. Feed storage, preservatives such as silage additives, antioxidants, preservatives and the like. In addition, flavoring agents and coloring agents. Here are some common and better feed additives. Non-protein nitrogen nitrogenous substances include non-protein nitrogen urea, biuret, ammonium salts, urea isobutyl II, etc., they can provide rumen microbial cell protein synthesis required for nitrogen, it can be used as a protein additive in place of diet the part of the protein feed. Urea is the most common non-protein nitrogen additive method is generally added after the urea concentrate uniformly mixed feeding. Feeding should strictly control the amount of urea, ammonia is too high will cause poisoning, usually added in an amount not exceeding 1 percent, or 33 percent of dietary protein diet dry matter. Fed diets containing urea, should consider supplementing cobalt and sulfur, which can effectively improve the synthesis of bacterial proteins. It prohibited the feeding of urea dissolved in water to drink, to avoid poisoning to one hour after feeding urea diet drink as well. In addition, urea diet restricted to adult cattle, calves (less than 6 months) due to rumen microbial flora not yet fully developed, can not be used. In addition to mixed feeding methods, as well as urea silage adding urea method (ie production of urea is added when silage is generally added in an amount of about 0.4%), urea salt bricks (ie urea and other compressed into bricks and salt lick for cattle) and burnt of urea (ie urea wrapped with burnt starch, slow ammonia release rate, increase protein cell production) and the like. Cattle feed formula: cattle mainly roughage-based, but roughage can not meet their nutritional needs, need Buwei concentrate feed. Fine feed nutritious or not, directly affect the growth of beef cattle. In the preparation of cattle fodder note the following: First, the fine feed concentrate feed formulation includes an energy feed, protein feed, mineral feed, trace (constant) elements and vitamins. Energy feed mainly maize, sorghum, barley, accounting for about 60% -70% concentrated feed. Including soybean protein feed (meal), cotton seed cake (meal), peanut cake, about 20% -25% concentrated feed. Cotton-protein feed cattle fattening should be cotton seed cake (meal) mainly to reduce feed costs, feeding calves, young cattle fattening may add 5% -10% soybean meal (meal). Small workshop production of cotton seed cake can not feed cows to prevent gossypol poisoning. Cotton seed cake (meal), soybean (meal), peanut cake maximum daily feeding amount not more than three kilograms. Mineral feed including bone meal, salt, baking soda, trace (constant) element, vitamin supplements, usually 3% -5% of concentrate feed amounts. About 2 percent fattening young cattle bone meal added amount accounted for fodder, fattening Steers 0.5% -1%. Winter, spring and autumn, salt accounts for 0.5% to 0.8% of concentrate feed amounts, summer accounts for 1% -1.2% of concentrate feed amounts. When lees as main roughage, add baking soda, add an amount of 1% of the amount of concentrate feed, when other forage cows, in summer 0.3% -0.5% of concentrate feed amounts. Trace (constant) element, vitamin supplements generally can not make myself, need to buy from regular manufacturer, follow the instructions to use the prescribed period, the non-application of the "three noes" products. Second, note the preparation of non-fodder additives are added countries are not allowed to use sex hormones, protein anabolic hormones, psychotropic drugs, antibiotics and other drugs residue. The state allows the use of additives and drugs should be strictly in accordance with the addition. It prohibited the use of meat and bone meal. Feed moisture content shall not exceed 14%. Third, the fine particles of fattening cattle feed, roughage was mixed, granulated complete feed feeding feedlot cattle can increase weight gain, reduce feed waste, significantly reducing test time cattle feed, shorten labor time and labor intensity improve labor quota, thus greatly reducing costs. Reference formula: 47.5% cornmeal, bran 5%, 10% cotton seed cake, additive 1%, salt 0.5%, 1% of bone meal, wheat flour or meal 35%. Also called polyether ionophore antibiotics, including monensin (Rumensin), salinomycin, lasalocid, Hainanmycin and Maduramycin like. Such antibiotic main role is the ratio of volatile fatty acids produced in the rumen regulation of the amount of that increase in the amount of propionic acid, a corresponding reduction in the proportion of acetic acid and butyric acid, while reducing the methane yield, improved energy efficiency, so that the weight gain of beef cattle and feed conversion rate was improved. Monensin amount of points grazing and feeding both cases, grazing cows fed 100 mg per day starting head, increased to 200 mg six days later; feeding cattle from 200 to 360 mg per head per day, not more than 360 mg. Salinomycin per ton of concentrate to add an amount of usually 10 to 20 grams, or fed per head per day of not less than 50 mg. Lasalocid basically the same amount of monensin. Buffers When high concentrate strength fattening cattle, due to abnormal fermentation in the rumen, rumen acidity is too high, pH decreased rumen microbial flora is inhibited, digestion, and prone to acidosis. The main role is to add a buffer and an acidic substance, adjusting pH, increase appetite, improve feed digestion, thereby improving performance. Commonly used buffers sodium bicarbonate, magnesium oxide, phosphates, calcium carbonate and the like. Sodium bicarbonate general proportions of concentrated feed at 0.5% to 2%, MgO 0.5% to 1%, both with better than a single contract, a ratio of 2 to 3: 1.