Wall bricks tryout

Wall bricks tryout 1 Subject Matter and Scope This standard specifies the masonry brick size, appearance quality, bending strength and compressive strength, freeze-thaw density, lime burst, efflorescence, water absorption and saturation coefficient, porosity and pore structure, drying shrinkage, test methods carbonation. This standard applies to conglomerates and non-fired brick. Brick including sintered common brick, sintered porous and sintered hollow bricks and blocks (hereinafter referred to as hollow bricks); non-fired brick including autoclaved sand-lime brick, fly ash brick, slag bricks and carbonation brick. 2 Measure 2.1 Brick with a caliper measuring tool (Figure 1), dividing the value of 0.5mm. 2.2 Measurement length shall be separately measured in two dimensions at the middle of the two Omo bricks; width should be two sizes were measured in the middle of the two Omo bricks; height should each side of the middle of the two strips measuring two dimensions, as shown in Figure 2. When measured at a defective or projections, it can, in its next measurement, but should choose negative side. 2.3 Evaluation of results The results are to the maximum deviation length, height and width of said person by 1mm less than 1mm dollars. 3 appearance quality inspection measuring 3.1 3.1.1 brick with a caliper (Figure 1), dividing the value of 0.5mm. 3.1.2 steel ruler, indexing is 1mm. 3.2 Measurement Methods 3.2.1 Defect 3.2.1.1 missing edge off angle on the extent of damage caused by brick to the broken parts of the long, seats, and high edge of the projection size to measure, known as the damage size. As shown in Figure 3. 3.2.1.2 surface damage caused by the defect, the defect portion of the article refers to the top surface (hollow brick of Article Omo) the projected area, shown in Figure 4. Hollow brick inner walls of incomplete and missing rib size to the projector to measure the longitudinal dimension. 3.2.2 3.2.2.1 crack crack into the longitudinal direction, a width direction and a horizontal direction of three, test direction of the length of the projection, said projection length if a crack extending from one surface to another surface, which extends the accumulated, As shown in Figure 5. 3.2.2.2 porous brick when communicating hole and crack, it will be measured in the hole including crack, shown in Figure 6. 3.2.2.3 crack length were measured in three directions yesterday longest crack as the measurement result. 3.2.3 3.2.3.1 bending bent respectively Omo and strip surface measurements, the measurement will be placed bricks with a caliper limbs along the edges of the two ends, choosing the bend at the maximum vertical foot pushed to the tile surface, as shown in 7. But the recess should not be calculated due to impurities or scratches caused by account. 3.2.3.2 In greater bending test as a measurement result. 3.2.4 impurities in the impurity projection height projection surface height of the brick caused by the maximum distance from the impurity represented brick. The Brick with a caliper of both legs placed on both sides of the brick projecting plane to the vertical tape measure, shown in Figure 8. measured. Appearance measurement results processing 3.3 millimeters, less than 1mm who, by 1mm dollars. 4 bending strength and compressive strength tests show the value 4.1 Equipment 4.1.1 Materials testing machine testing machine relative error is less than ± 1%, the lower the pressure plate should be twisted ball bearings, is expected to be in the range of the maximum failure load The 20ˉ80% between. 4.1.2 flexural bending test fixture of loading in the form of three-point loading, the radius of curvature on the pressure roller and a lower support roller is 15mm, the lower branch of the roll should have a hinged fixed. 4.1.3 Preparation compression platform. Specimen preparation must be flat horizontal platform, using metal or other materials. 4.1.4 foot level specifications for 250ˉ300mm. 4.1.5 Steel ruler division value of 1mm. 4.2 flexural strength (load) test sample 4.2.1.1 Sample 4.2.1 Number: Brick and autoclaved sand-lime brick is 5, the other brick is 10. 4.2.1.2 autoclaved sand-lime brick should be placed in water at a temperature of 20 ± 5 ℃ for 24h to soak out the surface with a damp cloth wipe the moisture content in the flexural strength test. 4.2.1.3 slag, fly ash bricks and tiles in 24ˉ36h After curing within the test. 4.2.1.4 Brick flooding and other processes without directly tested. 4.2.2 Test procedure 4.2.2.1 measuring 2.2 according to a predetermined width and height dimensions of each sample 2, respectively, and the arithmetic mean, accurate to 1mm. 4.2.2.2 Adjustment roll bending jig support span length minus brick size 40mm. However, the length of 190mm brick specifications, the span is 160mm. 4.2.2.3 The sample flat on the lower Omo-rollers, both end surfaces of the sample and the distance-rollers should be the same, when the sample when there are cracks or dents, cracks or dents should make a big face-down, in order to 50ˉ150N / s analysis of loading speed even until specimen fracture, record the maximum failure load P. 4.2.3 The result of the calculation and evaluation of each bending load 4.2.3.1 porous brick sample with maximum failure load multiplied by the scale factor calculation, accurate to 0.1kN. 4.2.3.2 flexural strength Rc each sample according to equation (1) to calculate the nearest 0,1MPa. 3PL Rc = ─── .......................................... (1) 2BH2 Where: Rc-- flexural strength, MPa; P-- maximum failure load, N; L-- span , mm; B-- specimen width, mm; H-- sample height, mm. 4.2.3.3 the arithmetic average of the test results to the specimen flexural strength or bending load of a single block of minimum and said accurate to 0.1MPa or 0.1kN. Compressive strength test specimens 4.3.2.2 4.3 4.3.1 brick, hollow brick a. Perforated brick to brick monolith along the entire vertical direction pressure hole, hollow brick single brick block entire strip along the Omo and pressurized plane direction, respectively. b. specimens produced using the slurry method is to sit. About to be placed on the glass specimen preparation platform, which capped a wet pad of paper, the paper layer of a thickness of not more than 5mm with 325 or 425 ordinary portland cement made of suitable consistency of cement paste, and then soaked in water samples 10ˉ20min smooth ride on the receiving surface water, mud, face pressed a little pressure on the other, the entire receiving surface layer of cement and brick bonded with each other, brick side It should be perpendicular to the glass. After the slurry solidification appropriate, together with the glass turned on the other laying out the paper pulp put the glass, then sit pulp, with a horizontal ruler correction standards of good glass. 4.3.2.3 Non-fired brick fracture of the two half bricks stacked with a specimen contrary, the overlapping portions may not Xiaoping 100mm, shown in Figure 11. That is the compressive strength of the specimen. If less than 100mm, should be eliminated to make up the other to take alternate sample. 4.3.3 Specimen conservation 4.3.3.1 wipe test piece made of non-ventilated room should be placed not lower than 10 ℃ conservation 3d, and then tested. 4.3.3.2 Non-fired brick specimen, without curing directly tested. 4.3.4 Test procedure 4.3.4.1 Measurement connection of each specimen surface or receiving surface length and width dimensions of the two, respectively, the mean value, accurate to 1mm. 4.3.4.2 The specimen flat on the center of the pressure plate, perpendicular to the receiving surface loading should be evenly smooth, shock or vibration may not occur. Loading rate to 2ˉ6kN / s is appropriate, until the specimen damage so far, record the maximum failure load P. 4.3.5 Calculation and evaluation of results 4.3.5.1 Rp compressive strength of each sample according to equation (2) calculation, accurate to 0.1MPa. P Rp = ── ................................................ (2) LB Where: Rp-- compressive strength, MPa; P-- maximum failure load, N; L-- by pressure surface (land) in length, mm; B-- receiving surface (connection surface) width, mm. 4.3.5.2 the arithmetic average of the test results to the specimen and the compressive strength of a single block of minimum representation, accurate to 0.1MPa. 5 freeze-thaw test equipment 5.1 a cryostat or freezer: the sample into the rear box (room) temperature adjusted to below -20 ℃ or -20 ℃. b. tank holding tank temperature 10ˉ20 ℃ appropriate. c. scales, dividing the value of 5g. d. drying oven. 5.2 the number of samples and processing a. The number of samples should comply with the provisions of 4.2.1.1. The test results indicate compressive strength, the number of samples is 10. b. Use a brush to clean the surface of the sample, and the numbering sequence. 5.3 Test procedure 5.3.1 The sample was placed in a blast oven at 105ˉ110 ℃ dried to constant (during drying, weighing around twice the difference is not more than 0.2%, before and after the interval of two weights 2h), call quality G0. And check the appearance. The missing edge off angle and crack mark. 5.3.2 The sample was immersed in water 10ˉ20 ℃ and removed after 24h, wipe with a damp surface moisture to Omo lateral distance greater than 20mm stand up to a pre-cooling to below -15 ℃ freezer. 5.3.3 When the inside temperature dropped to -15 ℃ start counting again at -15ˉ-20 ℃ frozen: Brick frozen 3h; non-fired brick frozen 5h. Then out into the water 10ˉ20 ℃ melting; fired brick not less than 2h; non-fired brick less than 3h. Such as a freeze-thaw cycle. 5.3.4 every five freeze-thaw cycles, destruction checks that occur during freezing and thawing, such as the cracking, lack of edge, off angle, peeling. 5.3.5 thawing process, found frozen samples beyond the outer current regulations, should continue to test to 15 freeze-thaw cycle ends. 5.3.6 After 15 freeze-thaw cycles, check and record the sample freezing and thawing process in the cracking length, missing edge off angle and peeling destruction. 5.3.7 Sample 15 after freeze-thaw cycles, and placed in drying oven, press the provisions of 5.3.1 and dried to constant, saying the quality of G1. If you do not find lyophilized Brick phenomenon, it can not be dried weighed. 5.3.8 The sample was dried (non-fired brick and then soaked in water 10ˉ20 ℃ 24h) according to the provisions of 4.3 compressive strength test. 5.3.9 Each puzzle wall which part of the test can be carried out according to the product standards. 5.4 Results 5.4.1 Calculation and evaluation of the mass loss rate Gm according to equation (3) to calculate accurate to 0.1%: G0-G1 Gm = ──── × 100 .......................................... ( 3) G0 Where: Gm-- mass loss rate,%; dry mass of the specimen before G0-- thawing, g; G1-- sample freeze dry mass, g. 5.4.2 The test results are shown in the sample compressive strength, quality and appearance quality loss. 6 kinds of density 6.1 Equipment a. Drying oven. b. scales, indexing is 5g. c. steel ruler or brick with a caliper, dividing the value of 1mm. 6.2 Each test sample bricks of 5, sample taken should look complete. 6.3 Test procedure 6.3.1 clean up the sample surface, and note written number, and then the specimen was placed 105ˉ110 ℃ blast oven dried to constant weight, saying the quality of G0, and check the appearance of the case, not a lack of edge, off angle and other damage. If damaged are required to re-exchange backup sample. 6.3.2 The sample was dried according to the provisions of 2.2, measure its length, width and height dimensions of the two were averaged. 6.4 Evaluation of results 6.4.1 Calculation and bulk density ρ according to equation (4) calculated to the nearest 0.1kg / m3: G0 ρ = ──── × 109 .......................................... (4 ) L B H formula:?? ρ-- bulk density, kg / m3; G0-- sample dry mass, kg; L-- sample length, mm; B-- specimen width, mm; H-- sample height, mm. 6.4.2 The test results indicate the arithmetic mean of the sample density, precisely to 1kg / m3. 7 Lime Burst 7.1 Equipment a. Cooking box. b. steel ruler, indexing is 1mm. 7.2 Sample 7.2.1 Sample is without rain or flooding, and the recent production of brick-like, the number of five. 7.2.2 Common Brick by brick the whole brick, porous brick blocks available 1/4, 1/4 block hollow brick tests. Brick, hollow brick samples can be used for determination or hole saw volume density of the sample taken after the test. 7.2.3 Check before each test specimen, will not belong to the appearance of defects lime burst mark. 7.3 Test procedure 7.3.1 The sample parallel side stand the cooking grate box board, sample intervals of not less than 50mm, the water tank should be below the grate plate 40mm. 7.3.2 removed after capping steam 6h. 7.3.3 check the appearance of defects in each sample because lime burst (including burst test appear before) and caused record its dimensions (mm). 7.4 Evaluation of results with a sample of lime burst region and the size of each representation. 8 8 pan-cream equipment a. Drying oven. b. a corrosion-resistant trays 5, let the water depth 25ˉ35mm. c. to cover the trays of transparent material 5, in which the opening between the parts greater than the specimen width, height or length dimension of the rectangular hole 5ˉ10mm. d. dry and wet bulb thermometer or other temperature, hygrometer. 8.2 Number of samples 8.2.1 sample was 5. 8.2.2 ordinary bricks, porous bricks with whole bricks, hollow bricks 1/2 block, you can use the bulk density of the sample after the test saw taken from the middle of the longitudinal direction. 8.3 Test Procedure 8.3.1 will adhere to the surface of the paint off the sample and number, and then placed in the oven blast 105ˉ110 ℃ drying 24h, then cool to room temperature. 8.3.2 The samples were placed in the top or holes facing up five trays, shallow dish to inject distilled water height of not less than 20mm, covered with a transparent material on the platter, and the test sample exposed, the recording time. 8.3.3 Sample time immersed in disk 7d, began to regularly add water to keep within the tray 2d water level, later to remain immersed in water. During the test requirements of the ambient temperature is 16ˉ32 ℃, relative humidity 30% ˉ70%. Samples were taken after 8.3.4 7d, 4d placed under the same environmental conditions. Then 105ˉ110 ℃ in blast oven dried continuously 24h. Remove to cool to room temperature. Hoarfrost record level after drying. 8.3.5 7d began recording efflorescence case, once a day. 8.4 Evaluation of results 8.4.1 efflorescence extent indicated in the most serious recording. 8.4.2 Pan-degree frost divided as follows: no efflorescence: salting the sample surface almost invisible. Slight efflorescence: the surface layer of the sample appears small clear frost film, but the surface of the sample is still clear. Medium pan-cream: clear frost layer portion of the sample surface or edges appear. Serious pan-cream: test the surface from the pro-brick powder, flake and peeling. 9 water absorption and saturation coefficient test equipment 9.1 a. Drying oven. b. scales, indexing is 5g. c. cooking box. 9.2 Number of samples 9.2.1 sample was 5. 9.2.2 common brick with a single piece, porous bricks available 1/2 blocks, hollow bricks 1/4 block test. Hollow brick sample can be cut from the sample taken after the bulk density test. 9.3 Test procedure 9.3.1 to clean surface of the sample, and note written number, and then placed 105ˉ110 ℃ blast drying oven to constant, remove the dust, called the dry mass of G0. 9.3.2 The dried sample immersion 24h, temperature 10ˉ30 ℃. 9.3.3 Remove sample, wipe the surface with a wet hair from the water, immediately weighed, weighing the sample capillary oozing mass of water in the pan should be included in the absorbent quality, and the resulting mass of soaking 24h, G24 wet mass. 9.3.4 The sample soaking wet after 24h Celi into cooking grate box board, sample spacing of not less than 10mm, into the water, the water tank should be above the surface of the sample 50mm, heated to boiling, boiling 3h saturation coefficient test boiling 5h, stop heating and cooling to room temperature. According to the provisions of 9.3.5 9.3.3 weighed wet boiling 3h quality of G3. 9.4 Calculation and evaluation of water at room temperature for 24h 9.4.1 Sample Water absorption W24 according to equation (5) calculation, accurate to 0.1%: G24-G0 W24 = ───── × 100 ........................... ......... (5) G0 Where: W24-- sample water at room temperature for 24h water absorption,%. G0-- sample dry weight, g; G24-- soaking wet weight sample for 24h, g. 9.4.2 Sample 3h boiling water absorption W3 according to equation (6) calculated to the nearest 0.1%: G3-G0 W3 = ───── × 100 .................................... (6) G0 formula: W3-- sample 3h boiling water absorption,%; G3-- sample boiling 3h of wet weight, g; G0-- sample dry weight, g. 9.4.3 Each sample saturation coefficient K according to equation (7) calculated to the nearest 0.01: G24-G0 K = ───── × 100 .................................... (7) G3 -G0 Where: K-- sample saturation coefficient; G24-- water at room temperature for 24h sample wet weight, g; G0-- sample dry weight, g; G5-- sample wet weight 5h of boiling, g . 9.4.4 Water absorption to the arithmetic mean of five samples of said accurate to 1%; saturation coefficient arithmetic mean of five samples, with a precision to 0.01. 10 Determination of porosity and pore structure and materials 10.1 Measuring a steel ruler, dividing the value. 1mm. b. carbon paper, millimeter graph paper. 10.2 Specimen preparation to take five samples of bulk density after tests amputated from the middle of the longitudinal direction, which will be half the brick-like cross-section polished and brushing the dust, the specimen as holes and structure determination. 10.3 Test procedure 10.3.1 section facing the specimen, put graph paper, rubber rollers or other methods repeatedly rolling to section complete printing on graph paper. 10.3.2 graph paper each measuring pore size, specimen size and trunking section concave section size specimens. Irregular outer edge of grid computing will be the number of the area, less than one frame by vertically and horizontally patchwork. Notched edge of the hole should control specimen retouching, try to reflect the pore size. 10.3.3 measured at the thinnest wall graph paper, rib size, accurate to 1mm. 10.4 Results 10.4.1 Calculation and evaluation of porosity Q according to equation (8) calculated to the nearest 0.1%: S1-S2 Q = ───── × 100 .................................... (8) S Where: Q-- porosity,%; S1-- sectional area of ??the holes and, mm2; S2-- sectional area of ??the concave groove and, mm; S-- specimen cross-sectional area, mm. 10.4.2 The test results arithmetic mean of five samples indicate porosity, accurate to 1%. 10.4.3 pore structure represented by the number of rows of holes and wall rib minimum size. 11 drying shrinkage test equipment 11.1.1 shrink 11.1 meter: 12, contraction meter dial indicator range is 10mm, up and down the measuring point using the 90 ° conical recess. 11.1.2 shrink head: as shown in Figure 13, made of stainless steel or brass. 11.1.3 blast oven or thermostat humidity box: blast oven temperature and humidity box or cabinet volume of not less than 0.05m3 or greater than the total volume of the test five times. Humidity control box with saturated calcium chloride per cubic meter of housing should be given not less than the exposed area of ??0.3m2 and a saturated solution of calcium chloride containing sufficient solids. 11.1.4 Boring pleases sample plate. 11.1.5 cooling tank: cooling tank using metal plate processing, and with the temperature monitoring device and has a good seal. 11.2 should be under test conditions of 20 ± 1 ℃ in temperature. 11.3 11.3.1 specimen size and quantity of the sample specimen preparation 11.3.2 11.3.2.1 two dead in the center of the top surface of the sample, each drill a 13mm diameter 6ˉ8mm deep holes, number and indicate the upper and lower measuring point. 11.3.2.2 The sample after immersion in the hole cents 4ˉ6h removed poured cement paste or other adhesive, then head buried shrink, shrink head centerline should coincide with the center line sample, the sample should be kept for polygon flat, etc. contraction fixed, remove the surface residual adhesive. 11.4.1 11.4 Test specimens made after placement step 1d, in water of 20 ± 1 ℃ soaking 4h, soaking, and the distance between the specimen surface to the specimen is not less than 20mm. 11.4.2 The specimen removed from the water, surface water and wipe with a damp cloth to wipe clean the head shrink. 11.4.3 to par determine the origin of the instrument dial indicator (usually take 5.00mm), then press down the point indicated initial length of the specimen was measured, record the initial indicator reading. 11.4.4 The specimen placed in a temperature of 50 ± 1 ℃, humidity control according to 11.1.3 or blast oven temperature and humidity chamber for drying at least 44h, during the drying process, shall not put other wet test member. 11.4.5 remove the specimen placed in a cooling tank and cooled to 20 ± 1 ℃ (normally takes 4h) after the measurement at a predetermined temperature of 11.2, before measuring instruments should be calibrated dial indicator origin. . 11.4.6 11.4.4 and 11.4.5 are repeated by every 2d drying, cooling and measurement; until the difference in readings between the two measured within 0.01mm long range far to the average of the last two as dried readings. 11.4.7 When each measurement, the same group specimens should be completed within 10min. 11.5 Results 11.5.1 Calculation and evaluation of drying shrinkage S according to equation (9) Calculation: L1-L2 S = ──────── × 1000 .................................... (9) L0 + L1- 2L-M0 Where: S-- drying shrinkage, mm / m; L0-- standard rod length, mm; L1-- specimen initial readings (indicator reading) mm; dried specimens after L2-- reading ( indicator reading), mm; L-- contraction header length, mm; M0-- dial indicator origin, mm. 11.5.2 The arithmetic mean of the test results to three specimens drying shrinkage, said accurate to 0.01mm / m. 12 12.1 carbonation test equipment and reagents 12.1.1 carbonation tank: a lower air intake has, and there is provided on the upper vent humidity observation device, the cover (the door) must be tight. 12.1.2 carbon dioxide cylinder. 12.1.3 flowmeter. 12.1.4 gas analyzer. 12.1.5 scales, dividing the value of 5g. 12.1.6 dry and wet bulb thermometer or other temperature, hygrometer. 12.1.7 carbon dioxide gas concentration is greater than 80%. 12.1.8 1% phenolphthalein solution, with a concentration of 70% ethanol formulation. 12.2 learn sample size bias and the appearance inspection and approval of brick-like 25, where 10 is the control samples (compressive strength test results can also be used. The use of compressive strength test results for comparison, it is preferable to 15 samples) ; 10 for the determination of carbonized strength; five for the carbonation depth examination. 12.3 Test conditions 12.3.1 Relative Humidity Humidity carbonization process control 90% or less. 12.3.2 determine the concentration of carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide concentration 12.3.2.1 first two days tested once every 2h, 4h after every tested once. And according to the carbon dioxide concentration measured at any time adjust the flow rate. Carbon dioxide concentration using a gas analyzer, accurate to 1%. Needle valve, the assembling artificial carbonation device 14 12.3.2.2 regulation and control of carbon dioxide concentration in FIG regulate carbon dioxide cylinders, controlling the flow of carbon dioxide concentration of over 60%. 12.4 Test Procedure 12.4.1 Take 10 comparative sample by 4.3 compressive strength test. 12.4.2 remaining 15 specimens placed indoors 7d, versatile carbide into the carbonization chamber, the sample interval of not less than 20mm. 12.4.3 from the tenth day, take a piece of each sample 5d split, with 10% ethanol solution of phenolphthalein check carbonation level, when the sample was significantly red center is not, the sample is considered to have been carbonized. By 4.3 12.4.4 compressive strength test after the 10 samples have been carbonized in indoor place 24ˉ36h. 12.5 Results 2.5.1 Calculation and assessment to the arithmetic mean of the compressive strength of the sample (accurate to 0.1MPa), as a batch sample after artificial carbonation strength. 12.5.2 carbonation coefficient Kc according to equation (10) calculated to the nearest 0.01: Rc Kc = ── .......................................... (10) R0 where: Kc-- carbonation coefficient; Rc - artificial carbonation compressive strength, MPa; R0-- brick compressive strength, MPa. Content 13 Test report The test report shall include:. A sample delivery unit; b to sample and test date; c report number; d sample name, number and size specifications; e pilot project; f the test results; g..... The test unit and testing, auditors and the person in charge signature. Additional Information: The standard proposed by the State Bureau of Building Materials Industry. This standard by the National Institute of Building Materials Industry Xi'an brick.