PAM PAM

Polyacrylamide polyacrylamide called PAM, is a linear polymer, water-soluble polymer is one of the most widely used varieties, polyacrylamide and its derivatives can be highly effective flocculant, increase thickening agent, paper reinforcing agent, and a liquid drag reduction agents, widely used in water treatment, paper, petroleum, coal, mining, geology, textile, construction and other industrial sectors. A, PAM usage characteristics and principle 1, using the characteristics of PAM (1) flocculation: PAM allows suspended material by charge neutralization, bridging adsorption, since flocculation. (2) Adhesion: effect by mechanical, physical, chemical, from the adhesion. (3) reducing negative: PAM can effectively reduce the fluid friction resistance, water resistance with traces of PAM can drop 50-80%. (4) thickening: PAM under neutral and acidic conditions are thickening effect, and more than 10 ℃ PAM easy hydrolysis. When semi-mesh structure, thickening more obvious. 2, the principle role of PAM profile (1), the principle of flocculation: PAM used for flocculation, the flocs species with the surface properties, in particular the zeta potential, viscosity, PH value and the turbidity of the suspension is related to the particle surface zeta potential, particle inhibitor is added to the surface charge opposite reasons PAM, can snap a potential decrease in cohesion. (2) adsorption bridging: PAM molecular chain immobilized on the surface of different particles, each bridge is formed between the polymer particles, the particles form aggregates and settle. (3) Surface: various polar groups adsorbed particles PAM molecule (4) enhancement: PAM molecular chain and dispersed by a variety of mechanical, physical, chemical and other effects, the dispersed phase involved together to form net, which play enhancement. Second, the main uses of polyacrylamide polyacrylamide (PAM) high molecular weight, water-soluble, and can adjust the molecular weight, and can introduce a variety of ionic groups to obtain a specific performance. Low molecular weight material is effectively dispersed thickener or stabilizer, high molecular weight flocculant is important, it can produce a hydrophilic and water soluble gel, and its surface dissolved substances many groups have good adhesion. Because of these properties are widely used PAM flocculation, thickening, drag reduction, gels, adhesive, scale, and other fields. I produced anionic polyacrylamide, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric ion four types, each of the main purposes in the following minutes each to explain we do. Third, the use of methods and precautions 1 factory PAM, powdered polyacrylamide flocculant is added to the sewage can not direct investment. It must first be dissolved in water before use, with an aqueous solution to sewage treatment. 2, a powdery polymer dissolved water should be clean water (such as water), it can not be sewage. The water can be at room temperature, generally does not require heating. When the water temperature is below 5 ℃ dissolve very slowly. Temperature increase dissolve faster, but more than 40 ℃ will accelerate the degradation of the polymer, affect the results. Usually tap water is suitable for the preparation of the polymer is dissolved, acid, alkali, high salinity of the water is not suitable for preparation. 3, the choice of polymer solution concentration, I recommend from 0.1% to 0.3%, or 1 liter of water and add 1-3 g of polymer powder, concentration choose to consider the following factors: (1) preparation of small and large daily dosing tank , with the little bit strong recommendation (eg 0.3%) is very high (2) the polymer molecular weight, slightly dilute with some of the recommendations (eg 0.1%) (3) polymer solution put into the sewage, such as dispersion of the reasons due to equipment not very good, slightly dilute with some of the recommendations. In short polymer concentration is too large, it will cause the stirrer motor load is too large, can also cause sewage into the dispersion of bad, affect the results. Some help with the rare bear high results. 4 Do not use centrifugal transfer match the solution to cause the blades were rotating at high speed shear degradation of the polymer, the specific method of preparation is as follows: a certain amount of water in a solvent (such as experimental beaker, workers Antiquities preparation tank) The amount of polymer powder, according to the amount and concentration of water needed to speak count, called a polymer; open electric mixer, stirring the water out of the whirlpool, the agitator blade tip line speed is not more than 8 m / s in order to avoid polymer Degradation; but not too slow, so as to fully dissolve the polymer particles, and finally become uniform, transparent, viscous solution no visible clumps. This mixing time is determined by the following method: A, in the summer when the temperature is high, overcast, cationic polymers Stir for about 1 hour, non-ionic polymer need stirring for 2 hours; B, low temperature in winter, overcast cationic polymer need stirring for about 1.5 hours, the non-ionic polymer need stirring for about 3 hours; there, the higher the concentration of the preparation, the polymer is dissolved faster. Dissolve uneven or full does not affect the results. Polyacrylamide powder in a dry, cool place can be stored for more than two years, but after the match the solution, its storage time is very limited. In general, the concentration of 0.1%, non-anionic polymer solution is not to get more than a week; cationic polymer solution is not more than a day. Solution stability and concentration, with the more concentrated (eg, the length of 3% to 5% solution storage time, but 3% to 5% of the solution can not go directly to the treatment of sewage, but also diluted before use. Cationic polyacrylamide solution In PH