Supply of water and fertilizer integration equipment

Fertilizer Fertilizer integration technology integration technology is the integration of new irrigation and fertilization of agricultural technology. Fertilizer is the use of pressurized irrigation systems integration, soluble solid fertilizer or liquid fertilizer with liquid fertilizer made against the irrigation water together evenly and accurately conveyed to the crop roots soil. Using fertigation, in accordance with crop needs, demand growth period design, the water and nutrients quantitative, time, pro-rata directly to crops. Pressure sprinkler irrigation and micro-irrigation and other forms there, the most commonly used form is a combination of micro-irrigation and fertilization, and to combine drip irrigation, microjet and fertilization majority. Fertilizer micro-irrigation system consists of water, the first hub, water distribution pipes, irrigation is composed of four parts. Water sources: rivers, reservoirs, wells and ponds; the first hub including motors, pumps, filters, fertilizer, control and measurement equipment, protection devices; including the main water distribution pipes, dry, sticks, pipes and pipeline control hair valves; emitters including drippers or sprinklers, drip irrigation. First, the appropriate scope of the technology suitable to have wells, reservoirs, tanks and other fixed water, and water quality is good, in line with micro-irrigation requirements and has built or conditional construction area of ??micro-irrigation facilities application. Mainly applicable to agricultural cultivation facilities, orchard planting and cultivation of field crops such as cotton, and other crops, better economic returns. Second, the choice of micro-irrigation techniques 1. fertilization system under water, terrain, acreage, crop type, select a different micro-irrigation fertilization system. Protected cultivation, cultivation of open field vegetables, field crops cultivation generally choose fertigation systems, fertilization usually selected device protected fertilization Venturi, pressure-fertilizer tank or fertilizer injection pump. Orchard generally choose Weipen fertilization system, fertilizer means fertilizer injection pump generally choose where conditions permit can select automatic irrigation and fertilization system. 2. Development of micro-irrigation fertilization program to determine (1) micro-irrigation systems irrigation quota is determined according to water demand of crops and crop growing period precipitation. Open field of micro-irrigation fertilizing irrigation quota should be reduced by 50% compared with flood irrigation, fertigation protection irrigation quota should be reduced by 30% -40% higher than the greenhouse border irrigation. After irrigation quota is determined, based on the water requirement rules of crops, rainfall and soil moisture conditions to determine the irrigation period, the number and amount of each irrigation. In heavy loam Greenhouse Grown Tomatoes, for example, micro-irrigation systems are shown in Table 1. Determining micro-irrigation facilities fertilization techniques Table 1 tomato growth of micro-irrigation systems irrigation water irrigation frequency (mm) consumption rate (mm / d) seedling flowering 1 1 20.3 0.82 17.1 0.11 251.4 1.46 Results of 12 (2) fertilization system and traditional fertilization techniques significant differences exist. Rational fertilization micro-irrigation system, fertilizer application rules shall first planting crops, fertility levels and target yield plots to determine the total amount of fertilizer, NPK ratio and bottom, dressing percentage. As basal fertilizer was applied before land preparation, fertilizer fertilizer requirement in accordance with different growing seasons to determine its frequency and amount. The implementation of micro-irrigation fertilization technology can improve fertilizer utilization 40% -50%, the amount of fertilizer micro-irrigation fertilizer it is 50% -60% of the conventional fertilization. Greenhouse tomatoes are still an example, the target yield of 10,000 kg / mu, each producing 1000 kg tomato absorb N: 3.18 公斤, P2O5: 0.74 公斤, K2O: 4.83 kg, the total demand for nutrients is N: 31.8 公斤, P2O5: 7.4 kg, K2O: 48.3 kg; seasonal nitrogen use efficiency in greenhouses 57% -65%, 35% -42% phosphate, potash is 70% -80%; to achieve the above output should Mushi N: 53.12 公斤, P2O5 : 18.5 kg, K2O: 60.38 kg, total 132 kg (soil nutrient content was not calculated). Then based on the nutritional characteristics of tomato, tomato prepare each growth stage fertilization program. (3) the choice of fertilizer micro-irrigation and fertilization system administered basal fertilizer same tradition, it can include a variety of organic fertilizer and more fertilizer. But micro-irrigation dressing fertilizer varieties must be soluble fertilizer. In line with national standards or industry standards urea, ammonium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers, high purity, less impurities, no precipitation dissolved in water, can be used as fertilizer. Phosphorus supplement commonly used as fertilizer potassium dihydrogen phosphate soluble fertilizer. Top dressing fertilizer micronutrient supplementation, generally can not be used simultaneously with phosphorus fertilizer, in order to avoid the formation of insoluble phosphate precipitate, clogging drippers or sprinklers. 3. The supporting technology integration technology to support the implementation of water and fertilizer application of improved crop varieties, pest control and field management techniques, but also because of the crop's needs, use of mulching technology, a drip irrigation under mulch, etc., give full play to the advantages of saving water and fertilizer to reach increase crop yields and improve crop quality and increase benefits. Third, the implementation effect 1. Saving. Integrated technology reduces infiltration of water and fertilizer and water evaporation, improve water use efficiency. In the open air conditions, micro-irrigation and flood irrigation fertilization compared to water-saving rate of 50%. Under protected cultivation conditions, fertigation compared to basin irrigation, water-saving season 80-120 cubic meters per acre greenhouse, water-saving rate of 30% -40%. 2. fertilizer. Fertilizer integration technology to achieve the balanced fertilization and concentrated fertilizer, reducing fertilizer volatilization and loss, as well as losses caused by excess nutrients, with a simple fertilizer, fertilizer for timely, crops easy to absorb, improve fertilizer use efficiency and other advantages. In the case of crop yields similar to or identical with conventional technologies integrated fertilizer fertilizer fertilizer compared to 40% -50% savings. 3. To improve the micro-ecological environment protection and fertilizer cultivation using integrated technology, one significantly reduces the greenhouse air humidity. Fertigation compared to conventional fertigation, air humidity can reduce 8.5-15 percent. Second is to maintain the greenhouse temperature. Fertigation reduce ventilation than conventional fertigation lower humidity and reduce the number of greenhouse temperature, the greenhouse temperature is generally higher 2-4 ℃, is conducive to crop growth. The third is to enhance microbial activity. Fertigation and conventional fertigation technique temperature can be increased as compared to 2.7 ℃, help enhance soil microbial activity, promote crop nutrient absorption. Fourth, it helps to improve soil physical properties. Fertigation overcome soil compaction caused due to irrigation, soil bulk density decreased, increased porosity. Fifth, to reduce leaching of soil nutrients and reduce pollution of groundwater. 4. Reduce air humidity reduce pests and diseases, largely inhibited the occurrence of crop diseases, reducing labor inputs of pesticides and pest control inputs, micro-irrigation fertilizer per acre pesticide use by 15% -30%, saving labor 15-20. 5. increase production, improve the quality of water and fertilizer can promote the integration of technology to improve crop yields and improve the quality of products, orchard general increase of 15% -24%, 17% Greenhouse yield 28%. In Yuanping City Greenhouse cucumbers, for example, less than that of conventional drip fertigation fertilization malformation melon 21%, increase normal melon mu 850 kg; 280 kg cucumbers acre yield, acres increase total output value 1356 yuan. 6. improve economic integration of technical and economic benefits including fertilizer production, improve the quality of investment gain efficiency and conservation benefits. Usually acres of orchards savings into 300-400 yuan, 300-600 yuan increase production; Greenhouse Usually acres into 400-700 yuan savings, where water and electricity section 85-130 yuan, 130-250 yuan fertilizer, pesticide section 80-100 yuan labor-saving 150-200 yuan, increase production 1000-2400