Classification characteristics and application of copper alloys

Copper alloy with copper as the matrix by adding one or several other alloy elements of the composition. Copper was purple, also known as copper. Copper density is 8.96, melting point 1083 ℃, with excellent electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, ductility and corrosion resistance. Mainly used for flat-plate collector thermal equipment and other production of generators, bus, cable, switch gear, transformers and other electrical equipment and heat exchangers, piping, solar heating devices. Commonly used copper alloys are divided into brass, bronze, copper-nickel alloy three categories, as follows: brass to zinc as the main element of the copper alloy, with a beautiful yellow, collectively referred to as brass. Cu-Zn binary alloy that ordinary brass, or a simple brass. More than triple brass said the complexity of special brass or brass. Less than 36% zinc brass alloy by solid solution, with good cold working properties, such as 30% zinc brass used to make shells, commonly known as cartridge brass or seventy-three brass. Zinc between 36 to 42% of the brass alloy by solid solution, of which the most commonly used is 40% zinc brass Tiananmen. To improve the performance of ordinary brass, and often add other elements such as aluminum, nickel, manganese, tin, silicon, lead. Brass aluminum can improve the strength, hardness and corrosion resistance, but the plastic lower condenser suitable for sea vessels, and other corrosion-resistant parts. Brass tin can improve the strength and corrosion resistance to seawater, it said the Navy brass, used thermal equipment and ship propellers and so on. Lead can improve the cutting performance of brass; this cutting brass is often used as watch parts. Brass castings used to produce valves and pipe fittings. Ship used fire hydrant proof crescent wrench is brass plus aluminum casting. The former refers to the copper-tin alloy bronze, brass, copper-nickel alloy after the addition of a copper alloy known as bronze, and often in front of the bronze name preceded by the name of the first major add elements. ﹑ Bronze casting performance minus good friction properties and good mechanical properties, suitable for the manufacture of bearings, worm gear, gear and so on. Lead bronze is a modern engine and grinding bearing material widely used. Aluminum bronze, high strength, wear resistance and corrosion resistance, high load for casting gear, bushings, marine propeller. / Phosphor bronze and high elastic limit, good conductivity, suitable for the manufacture of precision springs and electrical contact element, beryllium copper used to make coal, oil depots and other non-sparking tools. Beryllium copper is a supersaturated solid solution copper alloys, mechanical properties, physical properties, chemical properties and good corrosion resistance; powder metallurgy production of tungsten steel, high carbon steel, high temperature super-hard alloy die to be produced by electrical eclipse due to the common electrode wear big, slow, tungsten, copper is an ideal material. Flexural strength ≥667Mpa copper-nickel as a main element of the copper alloy. Copper-nickel binary alloy that ordinary copper-nickel alloy; plus a copper-nickel alloy of manganese, iron, zinc, aluminum and other elements that complex copper-nickel alloy. Industrial copper-nickel alloy and electrical copper-nickel alloy structure is divided into two categories. The structure is characterized by a copper-nickel alloy mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, beautiful color. This copper-nickel alloy is widely used in the manufacture of precision machinery, chemical machinery and ship components. Electrical cupronickel generally have good thermoelectric properties. Manganin, constantan, test copper manganese content of manganese copper-nickel alloy, a manufacturer of precision electrical instruments, rheostats, precision resistors, strain gauges, thermocouples and materials used in copper alloys Applications: 1 Electric power transmission industry application power transmission requires a large amount of high conductivity copper consumption, mainly for power application. Cable, bus, transformers, switches, and connectors and so Jiechayuanjian. Wire and cable in the transmission process, since the heat resistance and wasted energy. From the energy and economic point of view, the world is promoting \\\\\\\ "; \\\\\\\"; the best cable section \\\\\\\ "; \\\\\\ \ "; standard. Popular standard in the past, simply to reduce time to install from investment point of view, in order to minimize cable section to the rated current design requirements, the risk of overheating is not to appear to determine the minimum allowable cable size. The laying of cables in this standard, although the installation costs low; but in the long-term use, the resistance greater than the energy consumption. \\\\\\\ "; \\\\\\\"; The best cable section \\\\\\\ "; \\\\\\\"; standard, takes into account the time installation costs and power consumption These two factors, appropriate amplification cable size, in order to achieve optimal energy efficiency and overall economic efficiency. Under the new standards, the cable cross-section tend to increase more than double than the old standard, you can get about 50% of energy savings. Our country in the past period of time, the steel demand, taking into account the proportion of only 30% of aluminum copper, in hopes to reduce the weight of the overhead high voltage transmission lines has taken measures to aluminum and copper. At present the environmental protection considerations, aerial power transmission lines will be converted to lay underground cables. In this case, aluminum compared with copper, there is a big difference between conductivity and cable size disadvantage, and shame. Motor Manufacturing in motor manufacturing, the extensive use of high conductivity and high-strength copper alloys. Copper is the main part of the stator, the rotor and shaft top. In large motor windings to the cooling water or hydrogen, or hydrogen called cold water cooling double motor, which requires large hollow wire length. Motor is using the power of big, accounting for 60% of total energy supply. A motor running accumulated electricity is high, generally within the first 500 hours of work to achieve this easy motor costs, equivalent to 4 to 16 times the cost of a year, during the entire working life of up to 200 times the cost. A small amount of motor efficiency, not only can energy efficiency; and can achieve significant economic benefits. Development and application of high-efficiency motors, is a hot topic in the world currently. As the motor internal energy consumption, mainly from the winding resistance loss; therefore, increasing the copper cross section is a key measure of the development of high-efficiency motors. In recent years, it has pioneered the development of a number of high-efficiency motors compared with conventional motors, the amount of copper windings increased by 25 to 100%. Currently, the US Department of Energy is funding a development project, to be cast into the use of technology to produce copper motor rotor. Communication cables since the 1980s, due to the fiber optic cable carrying capacity, etc., in the trunk communications continue to replace copper cables, and rapid application. However, the electrical energy into light, and enter the user's line still use a lot of copper. With the development of the communications industry, people rely more and more on communications, fiber optic cables and copper wires demands will continue to increase. 2 applications in the electronics industry, vacuum devices, vacuum devices are mainly high-frequency and ultra-high-frequency transmitter tube, waveguide, magnetron, etc., which require high-purity oxygen-free copper and oxygen-free copper dispersion strengthening. Printed circuit copper printed circuit, is the foil as a surface, attached to a plastic plate as a support; photographically way to a circuit pattern is printed on the copperplate; by etching to remove the excess portion while leaving interconnected circuit. Then, on the printed circuit board and an external connection punching, or other parts of the joint terminal is inserted into discrete components, welding in the mouth on the way, such a complete assembly line will be completed. If a dip coating method, all welded joints can be at once. Thus, for those who need sophisticated circuits arranged occasions, such as radios, televisions, computers, etc., using the printed circuit wiring can save a lot of labor and fixed loop; therefore widely used, need to consume a large amount of copper. In addition, the connection of the circuit need to use a variety of inexpensive, low melting point and good mobility copper-based brazing material. Core integrated circuit microelectronic technology is an integrated circuit. IC refers to a semiconductor crystal material as the substrate, using a special technology will form the components and interconnects on integrated circuit inside the substrate, the substrate surface or miniature circuit. This microcircuit than the most compact discrete component circuits smaller in size and weight structures thousands of times. Its appearance caused a huge change in the computer has become the foundation of modern information technology. Currently has developed VLSI, Tim smaller than the nail on the smaller single chip area, the number of transistors can be made, has reached hundreds of thousands or even millions more. 3 Transportation Industry Applications vessels due to good corrosion resistance in seawater, many copper alloys such as: aluminum bronze, manganese bronze, aluminum, brass, gunmetal, white steel and nickel-copper alloy has become the standard material for shipbuilding. Warships and merchant ships in weight, the copper and copper alloys account for 2 to 3%. Most large propeller warships and merchant ships are aluminum bronze or brass. Each ship's propeller weight of 20 to 25 tons. Queen Elizabeth and the Queen Mary propeller aircraft each weighing 35 tons. Ship heavy tail shaft common \\\\\\\ "; \\\\\\\"; Admiral \\\\\\\ "; \\\\\\\"; gunmetal, rudder and propeller cone bolt also used the same material. Engine and boiler room are also a lot of steel and copper alloys. World's first nuclear-powered merchant ship, using 30 tons of copper-nickel alloy condenser. Recently, aluminum brass for large oil tank heating coil. In the 100,000-ton vessel will have 12 such tanks, the corresponding heating system sizeable. Board electrical equipment is also very complicated, engines, motors, communications systems rely almost entirely on the work of copper and copper alloys. Often steel cabin vessel size and copper alloys to decorate. Even the wooden boat, it's best steel alloy screws and nails to fix the wooden structure, this screw can roll out mass production. In order to prevent biological fouling hull affecting navigation by the sea, in the past often used to protect coated copper; now, it is common to use copper paint brush approach to solve. World War II, the German magnetic mines for the defense against the attack on the ship, has developed an anti-magnetic mines device attached around a circle in the steel hull copper, through the current to neutralize the ship's magnetic field, so that you can not detonate mines. From 1944 forward, all Allied ships, totaling approximately 18,000 ships have been preserved and fitted with a device such demagnetization. Some large battleship for this requires large amounts of copper, for example where a spent copper wire 28 miles long and weighs about 30 tons. Car with copper per 10 ~ 2I kg, with the car type and size varies, cars accounted for the weight of 6-9 %%. Copper and copper alloys are mainly used radiator, brake pipe, hydraulics, gears, bearings, brake friction plate, power distribution and electrical systems, gaskets and various fittings, accessories and decorative pieces. Which is larger than steel radiator. Modern radiator pipe band, brass band welded pipe radiator, with a thin copper bent into a heat sink. In recent years, in order to further improve the performance of the copper heat sink, and enhance the competitiveness of its aluminum radiator, made many improvements. In material terms, adding trace elements to copper in order to achieve the thermal conductivity without sacrificing the premise of improving the strength and the softening point, and thus reduce the thickness of the strip, save the amount of steel; in the manufacturing process, the use of high frequency or laser welding brass, and susceptible to contamination by brazing instead of lead solder assembly of the radiator core. The results of these efforts are shown in Table 6.2, compared with brazed aluminum radiators, under the same thermal conditions, that is at the same pressure of the air and coolant is lowered, new copper radiator lighter weight, dimensions significantly smaller; coupled with the steel corrosion resistance, long life, copper radiators advantage is even more obvious. In addition, in recent years to protect the environment, the amount of steel to promote and develop electric cars, each car will be doubled. Railway Railway Electrification requirements of a large copper and copper alloys. Every kilometer of overhead wires required more than two tons of special-shaped copper wire. In order to increase its strength, is often added a small amount of copper or silver. In addition, the motor on the train, rectifiers, and control, brake, electrical and signaling systems must rely on copper and copper alloys to work. Aircraft airplane navigation is also inseparable from copper. For example: aircraft wiring, hydraulic, cooling and pneumatic systems need to use copper, bearing retainer and landing gear bearing aluminum bronze pipes, navigation instruments using anti-magnetic steel alloy, copper numerous instruments used to break the elastic element, and so on. Tianjin Wanhua Metal Co., Ltd., manufacturer of copper tube, capillary copper, copper rods, T2 copper, H59-1 yellow brass, seamless copper tube plant, www.tjydgg.com brass factory, square brass, H62 brass rods, small-diameter copper, T2 copper rods, brass rod manufacturers, site; www.zfhgcj.com, www.tjydgg.com telephone 022-58010680 Mobile 153201201113 Yang