Brass energy and petrochemical industries

Energy Industry firepower and must rely on nuclear power steam for power. Steam loop as follows: Steam boilers happen - Steam Turbine push for power - steam for power supplied to the condenser after - cooled into water - returned to the boiler back into steam. During the main condenser and a condenser composed by a tube sheet. Since the thermal conductivity of copper and corrosion resistant to water, so they are using pot brass, aluminum, brass or copper-nickel alloy manufacturer. According to information on every ten thousand kilowatts installed capacity of 5 tons condenser needs. A 60 MW power plant would need three 00 tons condensate pipe. Use of solar energy but also use a lot of brass. For example: a London hotel near a swimming pool, equipped with a solar heater, the water temperature in the summer can be maintained at 18 ~ 24 ℃. Containing 784 pounds (356 kg) of copper pipe in the solar heater. Petrochemical industry and many copper alloys of copper, in the aqueous, non-oxidizing acid such as hydrochloric acid, organic acids (such as: acetic acid, citric acid, fatty acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, etc.), except for ammonia and various non-oxidizing alkaline organic compound (eg: oils, phenols, alcohols, etc.), and have good corrosion resistance; therefore, in the petrochemical industry, is used extensively for the manufacture of a variety of corrosive media exposure vessels, piping systems, filters, pumps and valves devices. It also uses thermal conductivity, manufacturing all kinds of evaporators, heat exchangers and condensers. Because copper and good plasticity, particularly suitable for the manufacture of modern chemical industry complex in structure, brass cross exchanger prepared. Also in the oil refinery production tools are used in bronze; the original return is sparking bursts upon impact, you can prevent fires. Marine industry is not only resistant to salt water corrosion of copper and copper ions into the water sterilization prevents marine fouling. Thus, copper and copper alloys in the marine industry is a very important material, it has been widely used in desalination plants, marine oil and gas production platforms and other coastal and offshore facilities. For example, piping systems used in the desalination process, pumps and valves, and the use of the oil gas production platform equipment, including the splash zone and underwater use of bolts, drilling date, anti-fouling sheath, valve and piping systems. Copper and copper alloys on the ship in the application, will be introduced later sections. Ship transportation industry due to good corrosion resistance in seawater, many copper alloys such as: aluminum bronze, manganese bronze, aluminum, brass, gunmetal (bronze, tin and zinc), copper-nickel and nickel-copper alloy (Monel) has become a standard shipbuilding material. Warships and merchant ships in weight, the copper and copper alloys account for 2 to 3%. Most large merchant ships and propellers are aluminum bronze or brass. Ship propellers each weighing 20 to 25 tons. Queen Elizabeth and the Queen Mary propeller aircraft weighing 35 tons each. Ship heavy tail shaft used "; Admiral"; gunmetal, rudder and propeller cone bolt also used the same material. Engine and boiler room are also a lot of copper and copper alloys. World's first nuclear-powered merchant ship, using 30 tons of copper-nickel alloy condenser. Recently, aluminum brass for large oil tank heating coil. In the 100,000-ton vessel will have 12 such tanks, the corresponding heating system sizeable. Board electrical equipment is also very complicated, engines, motors, communications systems rely almost entirely on the work of copper and copper alloys. Copper and copper alloys are often used to decorate the cabin the size of the vessel. Even the wooden boat, it's best to use a copper alloy (usually silicon bronze) screws and nails to fix the wooden structure, this screw can roll out mass production. In order to prevent biological fouling hull affecting navigation by the sea, in the past often used to protect coated copper; now, it is common to use copper paint brush approach to solve. World War II, the German magnetic mines for the defense against the attack on the ship, has developed an anti-magnetic mines device attached around a circle in the steel hull copper, through the current to neutralize the ship's magnetic field, so that you can not detonate mines. From 1944 forward, all Allied ships, totaling approximately 18,000 ships have been preserved and fitted with a device such demagnetization. Some large battleship for this requires large amounts of copper, for example where a spent copper wire 28 miles long and weighs about 30 tons. Car with copper per 10 ~ 2I kg, with the car type and size varies, cars accounted for the weight of 6-9 %%. Copper and copper alloys are mainly used radiator, brake pipe, hydraulics, gears, bearings, brake friction plate, power distribution and electrical systems, gaskets and various fittings, accessories and decorative pieces. Which is larger than copper radiator. Modern radiator pipe band, brass band welded pipe radiator, with a thin copper bent into a heat sink. In recent years, in order to further improve the performance of the copper heat sink, and enhance the competitiveness of its aluminum radiator, made many improvements. In material terms, adding trace elements to copper in order to achieve the thermal conductivity without sacrificing the premise of improving the strength and the softening point, and thus reduce the thickness of the strip, save the use of copper; in the manufacturing process, the use of high frequency or laser welded brass and copper brazed vulnerable instead of lead contamination of solder assembly radiator core. The results of these efforts are shown in Table 6.2, compared with brazed aluminum radiators, under the same thermal conditions, that is at the same pressure of the air and coolant is lowered, new copper radiator lighter weight, dimensions significantly smaller; coupled with the copper corrosion resistance, long service life, even more obvious advantages of copper radiator. Railway Railway Electrification requirements of a large copper and copper alloys. Every kilometer of overhead wires required more than two tons of special-shaped copper wire. In order to increase its strength, it is often added a small amount of copper (about 1%) or silver (approximately of%). In addition, the motor on the train, rectifiers, and control, brake, electrical and signaling systems must rely on copper and copper alloys to work. Aircraft airplane navigation is also inseparable from copper. For example: aircraft wiring, hydraulic, cooling and pneumatic systems need to use copper, bearing retainer and landing gear bearing aluminum bronze pipes, navigation instruments using anti-magnetic copper alloy, copper numerous instruments used to break the elastic element, and so on.