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Sui and Tang bronze mirrors Marine Mammals Marine Mammals grain grape grape pattern mirror, Tang, surface diameter 11.9cm. Round bronze mirrors, thick texture white, high relief grain to grape motifs, ornaments between Marine Mammals, birds, bees and butterflies, flowers and other patterns, gorgeous and harassment. Its composition manner divided into two laps inside and outside, because the grape vine and flower petal length from the inner ring is connected through the outer ring, and even extends to the outer edge, so people also known as bronze mirrors such as "lintel grape pattern mirror." This Bronze Mirrors zoomorphic button, the outer edge of the mirror is high straight narrow line edge. Western Union type frog ornaments drums, through high 48.1cm, surface diameter 64.3cm, foot diameter 52.4cm. This drum body and thin, drumhead large, edge outward, thin drum body for the next big small cylindrical, chest, waist and feet Classless flag. There are two pairs of flat ears, ear frame into a fork, the natural formation of the triangular hole ear. This drum comes as Western Union type Timbal. Decorative pattern over the drum body. Drumhead to Banjo or double string points Halo, Halo 22, a halo decorated with sunray 12 Mans, heart-shaped add-lined room in the main grain pattern of concentric circles, 2-5,17-20 halo decorated comb pattern folder concentric pattern with, 6,10,16 halo decorated fill line thunder pattern, 7,8,13,14 halo Godfrey birds, mainly grain pattern set victory, decorated with a small bird 9,15 dizzy, dizzy decorated 11 square Wen, 12 halo decorated comb pattern, decorative grain halo-shaped pattern 21, 22 halo decorated with thunder pattern, faint outer Quartet floral ornaments 3, surface edge Lotus Petal decorated one week, three tired squatting frogs and a single frog counterclockwise ring out. Drum body, pectoral pattern 6, 1,6 halo decorated thunder pattern, 2-5 grain belt and drum surface with halo; basic and drumhead waist middle and lower grain with the same, only the middle of the upper and lower ends of each waist more than a fill Line thunder pattern; foot pattern 3, a halo decorated with concentric lines weave pattern plus 2 halo decorated with thunder pattern plus line, 3 halo decorated comb pattern, decorated with feather patterns foot edge. Drums have a bamboo pattern on both sides of the body, the pressure in each string pattern below. Xianwen drum earrings. This drum is cast by the lost wax method of forming whole process has been an important innovation, the pattern with a flick shot printed board. Liuzhou, Guangxi, according to Tang Dynasty tomb of the drum type inference, this drum casting dating as early as the Tang Dynasty. Mako Mako Feishuang Feishuang mirror mirror, Tang, surface diameter 21.5cm. Eight sunflower-shaped mirror, round button. Care studs above the clouds month pattern, decorative rocks beneath the water from the pool Solidago lotus birth, is the button seat. The left one with the Mindanao crown Bo, sit and Fuqin, before setting incense table, according to the bamboo post. On the right, a phoenix, perched on a rock, phoenix decoration above six flowers two branches. With one week outside the area of ??the inscription: "Phoenix double Mirror Southern Gold, yin and yang, each with sun and moon meet the constant, white hibiscus box, Cui Yu Qiong Yao belt, concentric man, heart to each other according to the tacit guarantee gall Chiharu." Mirror Inscriptions The meaning of praise exquisite bronze mirror casting, while sincere love confession. The first sentence "Phoenix double mirror" to convey such a message: This bronze mirrors at the time should be paired in twos. Such an image of bronze mirrors were called "Mako Feishuang" Mirror, multi unearthed in Jiangsu Province. In addition to these types, there are ornaments on the button "Mako Feishuang 'inscriptions who have turtle and Mirror buttons are square and decorated with" Hou honor of "those inscriptions. 3 Decades of history of early 16th century BC, the Shang Dynasty - before the mid-15th century, the equivalent of suppliers Erligang culture. Zhengzhou City rammed earth charcoal determination of carbon 14 dating to 1620 BC, is just to providers 汤立国 period, but the lower limit Erligang culture is not quite clear. Erligang remains divided into two layers, the difference between the upper and lower bronzes not belong style, but there is more development than the upper lower class. Early Shang Dynasty bronzes unearthed in Zhengzhou, and this is due to the Zhengzhou City is so Rhyme of the early Shang Dynasty. There Erligang important, Baijiazhuang, Zhangzhai Nan Street, Yangzhuang, South customs, Gong Ming Road, Erqi Road and other places of burial or cellaring. Generally located in the south and the southeast corner of the mall. In the northeast and west of the city, there are also buried in the cemetery bronze. Found in northern Henan Shang bronzes more than earlier. Hubei Huangpi Panlongcheng, Anhui Kerry Park Gang, Jiangxi Wu Qingjiang City and other places also have important discoveries. More than ruins and tombs found in the early Shang Dynasty bronze to Erligang upper majority. Integrated throughout the unearthed artifacts, namely: tripod, tripod, generous Ding, Ge, earthenware vessel, BU, Gui, Jazz, pipe flow Jazz, goblets, jia, jar, Ti Liang pot, gourd-shaped beam lifting pot, column with discs etc., including the Ning food, wine and water, and other categories. Earlier class is relatively simple, but Jazz, goblets, wine set jia portfolio, has widespread. Erligang upper bronze shapes more development, institutional Shang bronze ritual has been formed. It belongs Erligang lower bronze, generally very thin walls, Erligang upper bronzes, some quite heavy wall Pat. Early Shang Dynasty bronze has a unique style. Ding, Ge and other tableware three feet. There must be a foot and an ear into a vertical line, in the visual sense of imbalance. Ding, jia and other columnar foot tapered legs and abdomen connected device, which is due to van had not yet mastered the core cast closed skills. Fangding huge part of the container as square deep bucket shape, with a rectangular geometry of the Yin Ruins period Fangding completely different. Shape Jazz inheritance Erlitou style - flat body of law for the flat. Flow very narrow and long. Bronze jia addition to flat type, there was enough jia bags. Gu, respect, BU, Jie-shaped jar, etc. Quanzu is macroporous, rather Erligang top of the device, shaped holes have become generous. Some even at the edge of Quanzu, leaving the number of road gap, Zhengzhou and Huangpi Panlongcheng have been unearthed in this instance. Pipe flow oblique placed on top of the bag half full capped the rear side there is a big Pan executable, distinctive in this period. Jar lips are narrow shoulder high neck, body is also high. Early Shang Dynasty have Gantry pot has a long neck and small mouth small mouth shaped puff of two lanes hanging gourd-shaped, there are no high-necked small mouthparts of no Gantry. Bronzes early Shang Dynasty bronze body is animal faces, with rough lines constitute maneuver hook song, all deformation patterns, except beast big round head, that symbol, the other stripes are not specific images of various parts of the performance, ornamentation flat carving, relief appeared individual main lines, Erligang top honor, jar and other devices have been sacrificed on the shoulders first decorated in high relief. All other animal prints Animal Mask or not to mine land for the land, is characteristic of this period. Early Shang Dynasty is extremely simple geometric patterns, there are some rough pattern of mine, there Pente single lines or columns, milk nail pattern has also emerged. Early Shang Dynasty bronze, very few inscriptions on turtle previously thought individual text, in fact, was the decoration rather than text. Suppliers mid mid-15th century BC - before the 13th century between the provider Erligang culture and the Yin Ruins of the culture period, there are several groups of bronzes unearthed. These objects have some of the characteristics of the early Shang Dynasty, however, it has been more evolution; there are certain characteristics of the onset of the Yin Ruins of bronze period. More typical is in Hebei Gaocheng Taixi lower number of tombs unearthed bronze, Beijing Pinggu Liujiahe Shang Dynasty tombs unearthed bronze, Anhui Funan and fertilizer West unearthed bronze. East Bridge in western Henan Lingbao, also unearthed. Yin Ruins have such a cultural objects found, such as 232 Xiaotun tomb unearthed a group of bronzes, and No. 331, 333 Xiaotun tomb unearthed part of Bronze. But this type of artifacts found in the Yin Ruins is not much, but in some other areas instead of the more typical and refined over the Yin Ruins good, and now can not find like Erligang or production of such as the Yin Ruins of the Shang Dynasty bronze Rhyme . Pan Geng moved to Yin vendors are suddenly before, earlier in the shelter and phase, but after Erligang period before the Yin Ruins is an objective reality of these bronzes. As these bronzes having the characteristics of early to late transition, so there will be the break in Erligang period, some off the Yin Ruins early cultures. Bronze has a certain distribution of such breadth, and its production in their centers without Yin, which is absolutely necessary after Erligang culture period, and before the maturity of the Yin Ruins Culture, draw a so-called Shang mid-stage. Mid-cap providers is difficult to determine the lower limit is about before Wu Ding. Early in this period approaching shapes have MG, goblets, jia like. Although the Jazz tail early similar, but the flow has been relaxed, there's round body is put not seen Jazz. Jia in outside air vertebral shape enough, there has been foot T-shaped, multi-down heave bottom out flat has been rare. Although there have been earlier big mouth wide shoulder respect of such shapes have greater development at this time, like Funan the dragon statue and animal patterns such massive respect for magnificent styling, is never seen in the early Shang Dynasty a. BU such shapes, also developed during this period, Gaocheng Animal Mask BU is typical. Early high size of jar, and at this time the development of a low percentage of body style shoulder wide, Palace Museum of the giant animal face jar is typical. This time, shape and square hole on the ring foot, compared to earlier, has narrowed. Ding, Ge type is more prominent change is no longer an ear - Foot opposition, an imbalance shape, but three feet and ears symmetrical, become part of the tripod of all fixed format, but this time when the core range of casting hanging seal The method has not been fully resolved, and therefore there is a hollow belly Dingzu case interlinked.