Buying tea at the end of the glaze antique fast trading

, Beautiful, warm crystal clear enamel, carved a unique printing process, patterns pattern rich gorgeous, by the royal palace and all sectors of society to welcome loved. Wang stored in Song "Yuanfeng nine domain" and "Song of geography", the all clear record, the fact that the Gong Ting Gong Yaozhou porcelain Ancestor yuan in between harvest and Huizong chongning years. "Continued restructure length" has recorded the Song Zhe Yuan Yu eight years, "Yao, leaving children to Beijing four vehicles carrying pottery trade" live. In addition to selling in vast areas of the country, its products are also exported to all over the world. Have been in East Asia, Japan, Korea, the Gulf of Oman, the Mediterranean coast of Egypt, Tanzania East African coastal islands and other places have been found in ancient ruins of Song Yao, celadon export. These are Yaozhou celadon peak development in the Song Dynasty, and has a broad domestic and international markets proof. Yaozhou heyday in the development of the Song Dynasty, its exquisite craftsmanship and vivid and beautiful porcelain decorative techniques, for Shaanxi, Henan region Xunyi kiln, temporary Ru, Xin kiln, kiln Baofeng, Yiyang kiln, kiln Township, Yu County kilns have had a great impact. Turn on the distance of thousands of kilometers away in the kiln Nishimura Guangzhou Lingnan region of the kiln, and Guangxi Yongfu kiln, kiln Rong export kilns have played on different influences. Forming a from west to east, from north to south, from the vast area consisting of many kiln sites Yaozhou system. A political and economic center and away from the coast of the port, located in the Inland Northwest Yaozhou Weibei plateau, in a highly competitive commodity production Song can have such a huge influence, by virtue of what is the advantage? As long as research and development of the Song Dynasty kiln, it is difficult to find, its advantage lies in its own exquisite porcelain art technology, such as Pham clever styling, warm crystal blue glaze, sharp stencil free and easy, and the combination of these advantages produce The unique style of superior products. After the Song Dynasty, porcelain Yaozhou continued to burn hundreds of years. Early in the Jin Dynasty continues the Song Dynasty celadon kiln firing, but also highlights the white glaze celadon innovation. Its late, with focus on ginger Yello firing celadon in the lower classes, firing on highlights can increase the number of unglazed ring stack firing process. Decorative patterns also tend concise. Yuan and Ming dynasties the kiln development tends to decline, while continuing ginger yellow glaze firing celadon, on the other hand the gradual strengthening of the black, white, butter, tea and porcelain white, black foam Huaci of firing. In the many varieties of color vitreous enamel firing, white, black Huaci this period is representative of the kiln works. Thus, the celadon kiln firing has been significantly decline. Soon, kilns burn also end, since then disappeared in its original stage of history. Second, jade stones Yiu kiln secret color green glazed porcelain is a life household utensils, but it is also based on people's aesthetic consciousness of each era to create crafts. No matter what age, every successful porcelain products are practical and artistic beauty of harmony and unity of the product. Porcelain artistic beauty, one is reflected in the crystal clear enamel device table decoration, two objects showing beautiful scene modeling, mapping is the Three decorative techniques skills and patterns of colorful patterns. And strive to make these porcelain exhibit artistry and beauty of the ancient upper class is especially valued enamel and enamel possessed characteristics. As early as the Eastern Han Dynasty, successfully burn out of celadon and black glazed porcelain, Bei to Sui and Tang dynasties and fired in a yellow glaze and white glazed porcelain. These production and use of monochrome enamel, people seek aesthetic sense the mood is colored jade natural effect. These are blue, black, yellow, white enamel Can reach jade beauty important criteria for viewing and evaluation. This aesthetic clear zone above layer staggering social and literary, in some verses in the Tang Dynasty had clearly revealed. Gu's poetry as "tea Fu," there: "Shu iron as gold tripod, the more mud Siyu of Ou." Is the "jade," the celadon of praise. Another example of Du Fu, "and to Wei at the begging bowl Dayi" in: "Dayi chine light and strong, such as sadness and jade buckle Jincheng pass jun family frost white bowl victory, rushed to Mao Zhai also pathetic.", Is the "buckle as sorrow Jade" "victory frost" Dayi white porcelain from the past. This aesthetic sense and love want to jade, a long time, it is the Chinese culture since ancient times, and three generations for the continuation and development of Chong Shangyu device. Early in "The Book of Songs Qin Feng Xiaorong" in there: "Words read gentleman, warm their jade; it's too expensive a gentleman." This kind of jade to symbolize the concept of a gentleman virtues, sage Confucius in ancient China had the most incisive interpretation. According to the "Book of Rites appointed justice" contained, Confucius said: "Formerly, the gentleman from Bede in Yu Yan moist and Ze, benevolent careful and chestnut, known also inexpensive and not years, righteousness hanging it like a team.... Li Ye. buckle their sound clear and the long ?? "As a result, the jade in ancient Chinese culture, was awarded the personification of all the better quality. Yu Yu this aesthetic sense of people on the development of Chinese porcelain manufacture two thousand years played an important role in determining the single-glaze porcelain reviews to whether there are jade texture as the standard. For this reason, Lu Yu Tang Dynasty in the evaluation was the highest level of domestic chine Xing Yue celadon porcelain and when that "Xing porcelain silver, the more jade porcelain class", the "more is better Xing" to "Class Jade "The Tang Dynasty celadon porcelain as the best grade. In the Late Tang Yue celadon he turned to Early Song as the "Shiqianfeng Cuise" secret color porcelain to the highest level. This measure Yaozhou the firing celadon, it is not difficult to understand why it is called the North Celadon representatives. As early as in the Tang Dynasty when the kilns began celadon fired in, and then when crude early enamel glaze uneven, brown or green glaze Huang, has obvious immaturity. After learning of the Yue celadon firing improved quickly, the early Tang products catch up and surpass the domestic Wu, Yue, Ting, Hong and other celadon kilns. Late Tang presented beautifully green celadon glaze firing when the increasing number of laid its foundation to become the representative of the northern celadon. The downside is that is was a tire iron gray high iron content, celadon glaze thin, strong and moist texture glass jade texture is not enough. To the Five Dynasties, the kiln to burn celadon-based. The emergence of black and white is tires. Black births of Celadon, was lake green, blue, slightly gray lake blue, dark blue azure several colors. White child's Celadon, mostly light cyan, light azure, pink and green in several colors, a small number of lakes blue and green lake. Two tires Celadon, texture is very fine, uniform glaze layer, transparency is moderate, with good jade moist sex. Compared with subsequent Song, then they have less diverse and rich tone glaze stability. Song after the kiln celadon not too long after the beginning of the process of change and exploration, soon appeared epochal changes. Yao Song celadon porcelain, fine texture, pure, transparency is moderate, is a stable tone olive green, with "its color gentle," "refined than Zhuoyu" beauty. This olive green, and the Tang Dynasty "on the state," the Yue "secret color" is very similar, and thus had "secret color" of the Song Dynasty. Song Dynasty poet Lu he was in the "old school Om notes," clearly states: "Yao, celadon that of the device, with its class Yuyao secret color also." This Song Yao Yue celadon porcelain hue secret classes at mid-century by a Mr. Chen Wanli called olive green. After the academic community has been followed, the author versa. Today, a group dedicated to the Famen Temple in Tang Yue secret color porcelain has been brought to light, we will state it and Yao Song celadon were compared for both the enamel of similar and emotion. I think now we might revive the ancient title of Song Yao, celadon, which is called the Yao Celadon state secret color, in order to more clearly state Yao Yue celadon of secret color porcelain inherited authentic relationship. This "class" secret color of Yao Yue secret color porcelain kiln firing success of Yaozhou system chine other kilns produced a significant impact, but also an important factor in the formation of the Department of Yaozhou. Third, the beautiful diversity of species and modeling objects as beautiful as jade-like Song Yao, celadon, widely used, very complete and diverse types of objects. In view of its use can be divided tableware, bowls, plates, dishes, bowls, pots, powder hopper. Wine category, there are sub-note, note bowl, Yu Hu Chun bottle, vase, cup, cup. Tea category, there is light, light care, Suribachi, kettle, incense boxes, water tanks, water. Sheng with daily classes, there are cans, pots, urns, tanks, pot. Lighting equipment category, there is light, small lamps, candlesticks, oiler, oil bottles. Makeup with class, there are boxes, Cosmetic Box, cartridge. Furnished with class, with respect, bottles, bottle, flower interpolation. For class, there are for plates, lamps, bottles, furnace. Sanitary and hygiene with class, have spit spoon powder hopper, ovens. In addition, bedding pillows, chess boxes Go, Go son, chess pieces, music with Jiegu, Xun, bird utensils snacks tank, small tank and so on. Those who needed the kind of social life in the Song Dynasty variety of objects, everything in the kiln products. A kilns can produce so many kinds of objects, in other kilns in the Song Dynasty is rare. Yao Song Dynasty porcelain artifacts not only a wide range, versatility, and fine shape and diverse, rich and varied. In bowl, cup, dish, dish like the most ordinary common circle as an example, there is only the shape of the rim extravagant mouth, slightly extravagant mouth, open, six Kwai mouth, six Ling mouth, six mouth, straight mouth , convergence mouth, and along with the corresponding turn, pack along, fold along the like. Then to bowl, light up to see extravagant mouth turned lip ring foot concave arc shape beneath the abdominal observe, the changes can be divided into arc only abdominal abdomen, shallow arc abdomen, thin arc abdomen, slightly oblique round Several ventral arc. These arcs have been full of changes in the abdomen, often together with melon rib or a rib decoration, giving a regular shape, in proportion, a moderate change, exquisite and diverse beauty. Another example pots, is that the kiln start-up period, the more there is firing objects, in order to perform the most common pot. Tang Dynasty ewer is the bell, round belly, short DC, single to handle with full generosity. Five ewer into a small mouth straight neck, ball belly, slightly longer curved flow, single to handle with full of changes, so that the circle and the various lines long and curved and straight, harmonious unity among the same one to form the shape of a beautiful artifacts. Ewer generally inherited the Five Dynasties Song, but fine straight neck becomes long, round belly and showing off a round, slightly see micro-features, which not only enhanced the stability of the shape, but also increases the beauty of the art show. Meanwhile, with the pot neck becomes longer, it also becomes higher huliu curved rim of a long stream, thereby enabling convenient and practical merging with the graceful beauty. In common ewer, the kiln also produces a body like melon melon pot ribs, a beautiful and varied shapes have Guadie like nature and practical combination of features. Created using the same aesthetic consciousness of Song pot, as well as gourd-shaped pot, which is characterized by small to spend at Dalian body double belly as expensive, gourd-shaped body, the side of the lower abdomen set long curved flow, while the other side of the corresponding there is even a single curved handle up and down in the womb. Such biological or gourd pot shape, compared with biological or melon pot ribs more varied and diverse, very lovely. In addition, the kilns in the Song Dynasty is also innovative in some fairly unique pots. The molding of small straight mouth, ball belly, three short foot beast, dragon head flow, half Gantry Gantry posted infant play maker. Another example is the sphere belly, ring foot, mouth in the device bottom, inside has a hollow tube communicating with the mouth, lying lion lions feeding twin stream, bow curved shape of the handle Fei flip maker. They are ingenious, strange shapes, ornate, exquisitely rare artifacts Song pots share. Again bottles, but also the kiln since the start of the Tang Dynasty more than a firing of artifacts. There Pan Tang bottle buckle bottle, flask, garland, oil bottles, bottle gourd, Pisces bottles, two-line bottles in many different styles. Five Dynasties, the shape of the bottle is still more production, and the emergence of new modeling short-necked bottles. After the song, on the one hand it inherited the Tang and above the traditional bottle shape, on the other hand has created a new series of new bottle types. The new bottle is more prominent are Yu Hu Chun bottle, guts style bottle, vase, bottle spit chatter, clappers bottles, flower jars, melon ribs bottles, bottles Beaulieu variety. Chun Yu Hu extravagant mouth bottles, slender neck, round belly, ring foot shape, it changes to soft and full of sleek lines of the US to meet the people's favorite, in ancient China passed down for thousands of years. Artisans also the mouth of such bottle and collection points outside the abdomen and luxury lines minor changes, but also to produce a new form of bile formula bottle. Chun Yu Hu Mei bottles and bottles of wine are, but for different purposes. Yu Hu Chun bottle outside the write, easy to grasp the neck, into the center of gravity in the belly drink liquor should be hot and pour the wine bottle. Vase shape along a small mouth wide, short-necked, Feng shoulder under the fold, deep belly, ring foot, this vase shape suitable for wine tupperware. Spit chatter bottle vase shape and similar, but the abdomen is short cylindrical shape, like the upper half of waist cut vase after vase of slender shape not beautiful, but more rounded heavy features. Clappers bottles also Evolution from the vase, its shape is characterized by small mouth lip beam neck off shoulder deep barrel belly. Approximating the vase there is a large mouth bottle vase, can be called tank vase, which is characterized by large mouth short straight neck rounded shoulders concave arc abdominal ring foot. These emerge from the vase shape Evolution from a variety of bottles, precisely Song craftsmen Yaozhou embodies the spirit of innovation, but also reflects the kiln system at this level on the superb runner. In the shape of bottles, there is rolled into a blooming flower-shaped mouth of the flower jars, is belly showing uneven bars evenly shaped melon ribs bottle, the neck of the peripheral wall is decorated with stickers of plastic bottles dragon Beaulieu and so on. Such a wide variety of bottles statues appear, is that the shape of colorful artifacts kiln proof. Other types of objects also has a variety of beautiful and colorful style. Limited to the length of the article is not going to describe, to point out that only some not yet in other kiln system or kiln mouth modeling objects seen. Such as: warm bowl of willow basket weaving bucket type, and spend more mouth off belly ring foot type; flowers into the external double Mural horizontal multi-group insert rings hollow carved jack and stand looking up leading modeling; light care The outer disk jacket shallow tray shape; for intraday external double kit wishful pot decorated with the shape of the door or seated; the cup is open round belly single handle modeling; lamps to stand as a lion or a lion lying modeling of the base; ovens in stratified sets Jog decorated with openwork pattern textured and decals Beaulieu modeling; porcelain box shaped like a drum drums decorated with hobnail Go cassette modeling and so on. These artisans are Yaozhou Creative innovation Some fine celadon style. In the order and parallelism Song Yaozhou site excavated artifacts specimens, we kind of different objects of different shapes are arranged in a different "type" and "style." Among them, the "type" is a different shape, "type" is the same type of objects are different form early in the evening in the Song period styling evolution. The results of various types of objects modeling line, even thousands of different pieces selected "type" and "style" of the typical artifacts specimens. This result means that all kinds of different shapes Song Yaozhou artifacts have exceeded a thousand. The face of thousands of this kind and a picture of a different form of objects modeling plans, help the surprising pole, sigh. Fourth, the joy of engraving and printing sharp Yao Song porcelain decorative techniques more diverse, there scratching, picking flowers, engraving, printing, decals, flower stamp, many shaped by hand, engraving, painting makeup soil. Inside, the most prominent and unique is its engraving process, and with the same style of printing processes. Such engraving, strictly speaking, is to take the carved-based, and supported by a scratching made of carved flower decoration practices. It appeared in some early and late Northern Song Dynasty, when the development of the North Song Dynasty and later reached its peak. Previously, the kiln decorative techniques in an easy and smooth singlet scratching based. In the Five Dynasties and early Song Dynasty, and innovation of a tick flower craft, the Department of the backing part of the pattern outside the main outline a "Save to" practices were removed, the main contours of patterns on the projection device table, decorated with a bas-relief effect. In the Song Dynasty, Yao clever craftsman but also on the two states scratching and picking flowers of various whichever director, and blend these into one, creating a new unique engraving technique. Such engraving process should be carried out in two stages, the first knife deep in such stock in line with the vertical edge of the hook to carve main contour patterns; and then in the outer side of the main deep contour, using oblique knife continuous wide cut to remove the patterns outside the main contour backing. The new engraving technique preserves the process of picking flowers embossed three-dimensional decorative effect, and also to avoid the reduction of tick spend time consuming and rows of dull knife. Also absorb the advantages of a knife scratching process smooth and lively, so that the new engraving technique showing in engraved knife sharp knife cut line round living dynamic, so each pattern can appear on a piece of Yao porcelain top. After completion of the two-step stencil, and then use a comb-shaped tool in the projections carved meticulously outlined the main contours of the veins and petals texture detail, so that the new scoring flower pattern achieved rough and fine , the unique combination of concave and convex, the broad outlines of the small details. After ornaments glaze Runyu like crystal aquamarine at showing different shades of tonal gradation, so that it has a subtle and elegant, poetic expanse of artistic beauty, the history of China's ceramic flower never withered flowers. Because of this, Song Yao, porcelain decorative techniques such as the "Song Dynasty celadon carved crown" in contemporary porcelains famous kilns in the Song scored the highest level flower decoration process. Its products in the domestic and foreign sales market has been widely welcomed. Market demand, promote the development of production. Some time later the North Song Dynasty, in order to provide Yao porcelain, Yiu kiln artisans more decorative style with such domestic and international commodity markets has invented its carved same style of printing techniques and new technology. Such printing process is to use techniques to produce a stamp carved flower Fan mold (also known as female fan), and then turn the system out of print range, and then with the same shape of the objects in the printing blank range with a buckle on the printed patterns, After modification glazing firing. Excavations and artifacts in the process of finishing, we observed thousands of pieces of Song Yao engraving and printing celadon kiln specimens. That it is determined by its engraved printing process technology evolved, but it is not a simple replica of the Song of the mid-engraving process, but a development of it. The new printing process because there making simple, convenient, quick advantage, focusing on a come out, it will be used in efforts to develop concepts and design patterns on the pattern. Compared to nurture it was born Yao kiln engraving technology, new printing technology in terms of patterns theme, pattern types, composition methods have made great progress. Song Yao kiln so that the printing contemporary celadon reached its highest level in the same process. This skilled and unique Yaozhou scored flowers and printing process, the charm of its success in winning the majority of domestic and foreign markets, but also affect a large number of domestic production of decorative porcelain kilns. Fifth, a variety of patterns and prints engraved pattern Yaozhou Song celadon are able reputation, not only because of its unique decorative techniques, but also because it has a variety of patterns patterns. Patterns pattern has been seen about two hundred kinds, its subject matter and content including plants like flowers, grass, leaves, fruits Guadie; auspicious animal, rare birds, insects, aquarium; people like children at play , maid, play makeup; Buddhist statues like flying, Rohan, Lux, monks, Patrons, metaplasia; Hok Yu Xianyou Taoist statues class; and rocks, clouds, waves, geometric patterns and so on. Among each category, there are a lot of categories, respectively, using the same composition or a combination of several types of forms of composition, the composition of a wide variety of patterns patterns. Yao porcelain pattern patterns picture not only gorgeous and full of change, and often auspicious. Plant flowers in class, a common symbol of wealth and good life of peonies. Seen peony pattern, taking peony, broken branches peony, pay peony branch, branch peony various forms of expression, as well as vase peony, peony flower, peony pearl ground. It is leafy flower fan, vitality characterized by realism. Peony flower and petals are also diverse, multi-storey tower flowers, double flowers Orange Peel, single three type flowers, and peony knot, peony small cluster of flowers. Outside in addition to using a single peony pattern composed of a variety of forms, but also they tend to peony and animals, people or other flowers combined to form more vivid and colorful patterns pattern. Such as "Phoenix opera Peony", "phoenix bird title Peony", "Flying Dielian Peony", "double peony children at play" and so on. Plant flowers in class, but also a common symbol of Sin Yat bidet, Aoshuang chrysanthemums in full bloom, symbolizing "the unstained, Qing Lian without demon," the lotus lotus leaf. Various patterns consisting of a pattern of chrysanthemum, peony pattern in the form of generally similar, more unique is in the dishes is a single layer or multi-layer group chrysanthemum patterned patterns in simple and highlights the daisy blooming life. Bottom center, or where the dishes decorated with chrysanthemum pattern group, then circle around the circumference with Interlocking Ju, patterns in the leafy flower-patterned extraordinarily gorgeous. Lotus and lotus leaf patterned with peonies and chrysanthemums different, often it will be distributed in "clear and ripples," the wave in the swim duck, duck, fish accompanied by associating to form "wave Lotus", "double duck drama Lotus" "Love drama Lotus", "Lotus Pisces", "duck fish play lotus" and other rich and dynamic images. There will lotus, peony lotus leaf arrowhead even swept up with ribbons tied to form a composition, such composition patterns are "a lotus", "two Lotus", "three lotus", "a Lotus Peony" "Lotus arrowhead" and so on. There will combine Photos Lotus and characters, such as the "Prince of drama Lotus", "Lotus Scroll children at play", are "even Takako" signify an auspicious meaning. Floral patterns in plants, it is also found in the symbol of perseverance Ryosetsu Aoshuang plum, bright sunny symbol welcome and open sunflower, as well as a symbol of JiaGuanJinJue and executives and generous cockscomb. All of these plants flower patterns, are characterized by a realist